Q1 2015 M&A Market Update

Predictions for 2015

The January issue of Mergers & Acquisitions magazine reported that 2014 was the best year for the middle market since 2007. It went on to say: "Confidence in the economy, cash on corporate balance sheets, dry powder in private equity funds, low interest rates and high stock prices all combined to create a nourishing ecosystem for deals throughout 2014." 

Our firm's experience in 2014 was consistent with this thought, and the first 90 days of 2015 have begun with robust buyer activity.

Valuations in Austin

A September 2014 white paper co-authored by Mark Jansen, PhD candidate, and Adam Winegar, at the McCombs Business School, UT Austin, concludes that business valuations in desirable cities such as Austin average 16% more than in other locations. This analysis is based upon a study of over 16,000 transactions. The study states: "The 16% premium is robust to controls for local economic characteristics, industry concentration, and the liquidity and availability of capital in the local transaction market. We introduce a new measure based on how noneconomic characteristics of a city affect its desirability and find that firms located in cities with higher values of our measure sell for a significant price premium."

The paper goes on to explain: "Unlike a public firm, the largest shareholder of a private firm is often the firm's CEO. This makes the location's desirability, even the portion unrelated to the cash flows and risks of the firm, important to at least one of the shareholders of the private firm. In a competitive environment, the entrepreneur pays a premium for a firm in a desirable location and this premium represents the value that the entrepreneur places on desirability."

Austin is consistently on lists of desirable cities in the U.S. The study says: "Using the inclusion of a city on a 'best places' list as our initial proxy for desirability, we find that entrepreneurs pay an economically meaningful 16% premium for firms located in areas that have desirable features that are distinct from local characteristics that would affect firm cash flows or risks. This indicates that entrepreneurs' valuations of private firms are different from valuations of purely financial assets."

The white paper notes that transactions with enterprise values greater than about $20 million, when acquired by a public company or private equity group, do not have this premium. 

At Corporate Investment, our conversations with M & A advisors in other parts of the country confirm the results of this study. The velocity of buyers on engagements in Central Texas, versus a transaction in other areas, is also much greater. Buyers from many other areas of the country, specifically California and Illinois, exhibit significant interest in Texas businesses driven by to their desire to relocate to Texas. 

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Q3 2014 M&A Market Update

As we reflect on the third quarter of 2014, we have seen several trends develop that are impacting valuations as well as the number of sale/recapitalization transactions of closely held businesses. Some of this industry data was also developed from the recent M&A Source conference held in Austin November 17- 21. 56 private equity firms were in Austin for the Expo, plus 180 M&A intermediaries from across the U.S.

Two trends were noted at the conference: 

First, contract terms that previously were reserved for the upper middle market are now appearing in lower middle market transactions. Items such as representation and warranty insurance policies, previously only used in the upper middle market, were now being employed in lower middle market transactions. We recently were involved in a $15,000,000 EV transaction in which the private equity buyer, based in New York, was purchasing a "representation and warranty insurance" policy from AIG. These policies had normally only been used in larger transactions. Items such as "clawback" provisions may now appear in the purchase agreements of lower middle market transactions. In addition, many acquirers are engaging accounting firms to perform a "quality of earnings" review as part of due diligence.

Second, minority recapitalization transactions are becoming much more popular in current transactions. Business owners who are not ready to retire or give up control of the business, are able to cash out some of their equity, diversify their net worth, but continue to run the company, as well as maintain control. As the company grows, the eventual sale in 7-10 years may yield a substantial premium over current valuations, due to increase in EBITDA, as well as multiple expansion based upon the increased revenue and earnings. EBITDA multiples for well-run operations, with deep management teams and EBITDA in excess of $3,000,000 are seeing multiples between 5 and 6 times adjusted EBITDA in some cases.

http://www.corpinvest.com

Q1 2014 M&A Market Update

As we complete the first quarter of 2014, we have seen several trends develop in M&A that are impacting valuations, as well as the number of sale/recapitalization transactions of closely held businesses. In 2013 and Q1 2014, we closed numerous transactions across the state, in varied industry sectors, including an Austin-based client company that was acquired by a public company based in Europe. Our opinion is that the M&A market is extremely favorable to sellers today. This was reinforced by a recent article by Andy Greenberg, CEO of GF Data, who stated:

"The primary drivers of middle-market deal flow - company and industry performance, capital availability, macro-economic conditions, and public equity values - are more favorable to the private business seller than at any time since the mid-2000s, but the volume of change-of-control deal activity is just not on par with these favorable market conditions."

In addition, an article in the New York Times on February 11, 2014, contained the following:

"The market is further constrained by a lack of companies willing to sell, as they wait for the economy to improve further", said Milton J. Marcotte, head of the national transaction advisory services practice at McGladrey, an accounting, tax and consulting firm for private equity. "That intensifies competition among buyers. We've been doing this awhile, and I don't remember a time when it was really quite this competitive," said Mr. Marcotte.

We also know from our industry sources that private equity firms are collectively sitting on about $1 trillion in capital that they must invest. So, with well-capitalized buyers in the market, what is holding back sellers of closely held businesses? We believe that many sellers are skeptical when we discuss what is clearly a "sellers' market". They have heard this before. However, we can verify that multiple offers for good businesses, especially in Central Texas, is the norm rather than the exception.

So, is now the time for business owners to ask themselves if it is a good idea to have a significant amount of their net worth tied up in their privately-held business? We have noticed businesses have recovered from the 2008-2009 recession, and now the business is doing quite well, and thus, the owners ask "why sell now?" Unfortunately, history shows that recessions happen in 7-10 year cycles, and most of us cannot predict the future very well. Selling at the top may have appeal as the smart move. But we know that it is difficult to accurately predict the ideal time. Our message to business owners is don't wait for uncontrollable factors, such as health issues or other personal factors, to force you into an exit strategy. The better course of action is to take control and plan your exit in a way that maximizes value. We believe that the only way to maximize value upon the sale of a privately held business is to run a well-managed process that leads to multiple offers.

So if it's a "sellers' market", what impact is that having on valuations? It varies, of course, by industry and size of company, but some broad parameters do apply. The following appeared in the GF Data article:

"The non-institutionally-owned businesses offering neither above-average financial characteristics nor a management solution post-close that continued the march towards closing in the first months of 2013 traded at an average of 4.4 TTM Adjusted EBITDA."   GF Data, March 2014.

Two salient points in that statement: These businesses were neither above average, nor did they have a strong management team after acquisition, yet were still getting a multiple of 4.4 times TTM Adjusted EBITDA. So if a business has better than average financial performance and a solid management team, it should command an even higher multiple. This is supported by a recent New York Times article, in which David Humphrey, a managing director at Bain Capital, noted:

"Valuations for clean, easily extractable businesses are quite high."

So going forward in 2014, we expect continued high demand for Central Texas businesses with upward pressure on pricing for well-managed, profitable businesses. There were over 150 Private Equity Groups at the recent ACG conference in Houston, intensely focused on finding solid acquisitions of both platform and add-on businesses.

Please do not hesitate to contact us for specific information about market trends.

http://www.corpinvest.com

Webinar: Business Valuation

Webinar time/date:
Wednesday, January 29, 2014
12:00 PM-12:45 PM CST.

Join us to learn about business valuation, a crucial step in selling your business.

Webinar participants are completely anonymous. You can call in or listen on headphones for maximum confidentiality.

What will we cover in this webinar?

• Value vs. Price
• Acceptable valuation methods
• Recasting process
• Value drivers
• Valuation Example

Why should you attend this webinar?

Even if you aren't ready to sell your business today, finding out more about the sales process is advantageous.

• How do you add value to your business?
• What are the methods for valuing a privately held company?
• What is the difference between value and price?
• If you need to recast your finanicals, what is the process?
• What drives the value in your business?

Register now.

http://www.corpinvest.com

Webinar: How to Sell a Privately Owned Business (for Maximum Value)

Webinar time/date:
Wednesday, January 15, 2014
12:00 PM-12:45 PM CST.

Join us to learn how and when to sell your business for maximum value.

Register now.

Webinar participants are completely anonymous. You can call in or listen on headphones for maximum confidentiality.

What will we cover in this webinar?

• Planning for the sale
• Marketing the business
• Deal making
• Closing

Why should you attend this webinar?

Even if you aren't ready to sell your business today, finding out more about the sales process is advantageous.

• How do you add value to your business?
• Who are the possible buyers for your company?
• What increases or decreases value?
• How is the deal structured?
• How do you deal with employees and customers?
  

http://www.corpinvest.com 

What factors determine the "Multiple" of earnings?

A "multiple" of earnings is a valuation method whereby the value of a company is expressed through the use of a multiple applied to the Company's earnings.  For instance, a company that has Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) of $2,000,000, that has a "value" of $10,000,000, was valued at  5 x EBITDA. The appropriate earnings multiple that should be used to value any particular company depends upon a number of factors, or attributes.  One way to drive a higher value for your company is for it to possess some of those attributes that warrant a higher earnings multiple.  Predictability of revenue, sometimes referred to as "stickiness" of revenue, is one of those attributes that impacts the earnings multiple.

Companies with highly predictable or recurring revenue streams sell for much higher multiples than companies whose revenue is not recurring, or is dependent upon constantly generating transactions with new customers for its revenue stream.

Some of the factors that demonstrate a higher level of predictability of revenue include:

• Contractual agreements with customers for repetitive sales of goods or services, such as manufacturing companies with long term purchase orders, or service companies that have annual recurring service contracts.
• Operating in an industry where the barriers to entry are high. 
• A solid and growing customer base with very little turnover.
• Serving a market, either industrial or geographic, that is growing. 
• In the case of distribution companies, protected territories or exclusive rights to product lines.
• A revenue model that resembles a razor/ razor blade concept - where customers are "locked in" to a company's product or services. 

Factors that indicate revenue is not highly predictable include:

• The majority of the customer relationships are managed by the owner of the business, or a small group of sales executives (the risk being that if the owner is no longer involved, or if the sales executives leave, the customer base may no longer have loyalty to the company). 
• The barriers to entry are low - new competitors can easily enter the market, thus increasing the competitive landscape. 
• Revenue is project dependent. 
• There are pricing risks, either from changing technology or governmental regulation.

There are many other factors that come into play, way too many to outline in this article. As a business owner, we recommend that you review the sources of revenue for your company and, if possible, take steps to improve the "stickiness" of your company's revenue stream.

In future articles, we will discuss other factors that impact a company's earnings multiple, such as strength and depth of the management team, the company's operating systems, reliability of the financial reporting system, opportunities for growth, the make-up of the customer base, intangible assets, strength of cash flow, scaleability, the amount of capital investment required to sustain or grow a business and preparedness for the due diligence process.

If you have any questions or would like to discuss your particular company and how you can improve your valuation multiple, contact us, we would be happy to share our knowledge with you.

http://www.corpinvest.com

Five Key Issues to Address in a Business Sale Transaction

These five issues are key to consider when you are contemplating selling your business.

1. Non-Disclosure Agreement

This agreement contains a few key elements that may easily be overlooked by an uninformed Seller. The first of these is the “non-solicitation” of employees, which should be coupled with a time frame of a minimum of two years, we suggest three years. A second important provision will state that “all obligations under this agreement shall survive for a period of ___ years (we suggest three), except that sections _ , _, _, and _ shall continue at all times. One of these specifically enumerated provisions states that the entire discussion must remain confidential. When a business owner goes to market, if they do not sell, they surely want that fact to remain confidential, even after two years, so this provision is extremely important. Buyers sometimes strike this provision, and a Seller must understand its importance.

2. Excluding Certain Types of Buyers from the Marketing Process

The goal of the business owner is to receive maximum value in the sale of their business. Strategic buyers typically pay a premium of 10% – 20% ( or more ) than pure financial buyers. A Seller should let their M&A professional contact the universe of qualified acquirers, including strategics, to insure that they receive the maximum value. If strategics are not included in the marketing effort, the Seller will never know if they received the highest price that was possible.

3. Letter of Intent – Timeline

One of the pitfalls that a Seller may experience when dealing with only one buyer, is the buyer’s total control of the timeline of the transaction. “Time is the enemy of a transaction.” That is not to say that the parties should rush to closing, but stretching out the timeline of due diligence and closing typically benefits the buyer, not the seller. The letter of intent should include a timeline of critical dates for important milestones, such as confirmation from the bank that a loan is approved, date for buyer to deliver initial contract draft, and closing date. The letter should contain language that the binding provisions of the LOI are contingent upon the buyer’s adherence to the timeline.

4. Letter of Intent – No Shop Provisions

Most Buyers insist upon a “No-shop” provision in the letter of intent. The Buyer is committing time, energy, paying CPA’s and attorneys, and as a reasonable request, typically asks the Seller for exclusivity (as long as the timeline is met !). However, many Buyers will include an additional sentence in the no-shop provision that the Seller must inform the Buyer if they are contacted by another party during the due diligence period, including the name of the potential buyer. We do not recommend our clients accept this specific provision.

5. Contacting Employees Early in the Due Diligence Process

Many Buyers will ask to speak to key employees early in the process – this should not happen. Discussions with key employees should only occur after financial due diligence is complete, a draft of the contract is received, evidence that financing is in place is received, and we are at the 11th hour. The Seller should always attend these meetings, which can be an issue for the Buyer. This is an extremely sensitive issue and must be handled carefully.

Considering selling your business? Corporate Investment can advise you in how to start the process.

http://www.corpinvest.com